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Discovery in Divorce: What Documents Do I Need?

June 6, 2013 By Marc Leave a Comment

Stack of Paper
Courtesy of jenni from the block via flickr.com

As you can imagine, one of the primary issues in a divorce is determining how to split up the assets and debts of the spouses.  Given this fact, we are frequently asked by folks what sort of documentation they should gather before their consultation.  While it usually is not necessary to have everything prepared before an initial consultation, we decided to create this post to give you a heads-up as to what documentation you are likely to need as the process unfolds.

 

 

 

Documentation Regarding Income:

  • Employment Income – usually your pay stubs will suffice,
  • Other Income Sources – recent statements or deposit documentation for other income sources such as trust/investment accounts, rental properties, retirement, disability, etc., is usually appropriate.
  • Most Recent Tax Return – sometimes earlier returns will become necessary as well.

Documentation Regarding Assets:

For these documents, it would be appropriate to gather recent statements, as well as the statement at the time you and your spouse separated (if applicable).  Often times in divorce, the value of assets/debts at the time of separation is very important.

  • Bank Account Statements – for all joint accounts and any other accounts in your sole name.
  • Retirement Account Statements – for all joint and sole accounts, including IRA’s, 401(k)s, pensions, etc.
  • Tax Assessments – for any real estate or relevant personal property.
  • Mortgage Balance Statements – for all real estate in which h you have an interest
  • Automobile Lien Balance Statements – for all vehicles which you and/or your spouse own that is not paid off.
  • Investment Account Statements – i.e. stock accounts, trust accounts
  • Life Insurance – Policy statements, including any documentation regarding cash-out values (if applicable).
  • Business Tax Return – if you have any ownership interest in a business
  • Personal Property List – it is usually appropriate to compile a list of most of your valuables (usually found in the home) that are work $250.00 or more (i.e. television, leather couch, computer).

Documentation Regarding Debts:

For these documents, just as with assets, it would be appropriate to have recent statements as well as statements from the date of separation.  In addition to your mortgage and vehicle lien balance statements mentioned above, it would be wise to gather:

  • Credit Card Statements – for all joint and individual accounts
  • Loan Statements – for any personal loans you may have (i.e. student loan) or loans secured against assets (i.e. loan against a 401(k)).
  • Documentation regarding monthly/common expenses – i.e. utilities, phone/internet, other recurring expenses.

 

Although there are a wide variety of additional documents that may be relevant depending on your unique circumstances, this should give you a basic understanding of what to expect.  It would be wise, before you go and spend hours getting everything together, to speak with your lawyer about what documents are pertinent to your particular case.

If you have any additional questions, our attorneys would be more than happy to help.  At BoykoNapier, our attorneys are experienced in all matters of family law.  You can reach us via phone at (804) 658-3418, or you may contact us via email.

 

 

Filed Under: Family Law Tagged With: Client Concerns, Divorce, Domestic Relations, Family Law, Separation, Virginia

Deciding to Divorce in Virginia? Frequently Asked Questions!

May 22, 2013 By Marc Leave a Comment

back to back
Courtesy of exbinito via flickr.com

Choosing the path of divorce can be a very emotional one. In this post we will provide a brief overview of some common questions and concerns.

Is there such thing as a “legal separation”?

  • Unlike some other states, in Virginia there is nothing that can be filed with the court to certify that you and your spouse are “legally” separated. However, if you are separating, an attorney can advise you regarding what will constitute the “date of separation” and also what steps you can use to protect yourself during separation.
  • Usually, when you ultimately file for divorce, the date that you began living in separate households is considered the date of separation.  There are many exceptions to this; it is possible to be separate in the same household.  You should speak with an attorney if you have additional questions regarding legal separation.

How long do I have to be separated in Virginia before I can get Divorced?

  • It depends! Under certain fault-based grounds for divorce, you may be entitled to a divorce regardless of how long you and your spouse have been separated . . . however, most divorces are finalized based upon a statutory separation period.  The general rule is that you and your spouse need to be living separate and apart, continuously, for one year.
  • Note, there is an exception to this: if you do NOT have minor children in common with your spouse AND you have a Property Settlement Agreement that has been signed by both parties, you can file for divorce after being separated for only six months.

What is a Property Settlement Agreement?

  • A property settlement agreement (a.k.a. “PSA”) is a document entered into between both spouses that explains how the parties are dividing assets, debts, spousal support, custody, visitation, and child support. It is, essentially, a divorce contract that spells out all the terms of the parties’ separation.  The kicker is it has to be agreed upon by both spouses for it to have any legal effect.
  • Note: if a Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court is already handling the custody, visitation, and/or child support matter, those do not necessarily need to be included in the Property Settlement Agreement.
  • A property settlement agreement is a very valuable option for most spouses because it usually makes the divorce process easier—it is also cost-effective and a much less emotional process than going through a full, contested divorce hearing.

Are there different kinds of divorces in Virginia?

  • Yes! Although divorces are almost always unique, the method of filing and also of finalization is often the same.  Generally speaking, there are two types of divorce.
    • Uncontested (“No Fault”) Divorce: This is normally considered the easiest, fastest, and least-expensive divorce. There are no issues in dispute–both parties have agreed on the division of debts, assets, and liabilities and the parties are filing based upon a separation period. There are normally no court appearances required by the parties or their attorneys.
    • Contested Divorce: In Virginia, most people consider a divorce to be “contested” if there are any issues in dispute (i.e. division of assets/debts, custody, visitation, support) or if a fault ground for divorce is being alleged (i.e. adultery, cruelty, desertion).  Unless an agreement is reached between the parties, the divorce will be litigated in Court by presenting evidence to the Judge who will make a ruling on the disputed issues.
    • Note, this certain jurisdictions have different procedures which an attorney can explain to you.

How Do I File for Divorce?

  • Divorces are filed in Circuit Court and are usually filed in the jurisdiction where the parties last resided.  Although you are not required to have an attorney to file for divorce in Virginia, it is very wise to obtain one if you wish to file for divorce.  There are many legal requirements that can make it extremely difficult and time-consuming if you elect to file on your own.

Additional Questions?  Visit our website at boykonapier.com for additional information regarding family law and divorce and call today to schedule a consultation at (804) 658-3418, or contact us via email.

Filed Under: Family Law Tagged With: Client Concerns, Divorce, Domestic Relations, Family Law, Separation, Virginia

Adoptions: A Glance at the Different Types and Some Common Concerns

May 9, 2013 By Marc Leave a Comment

Parents holding newborn
Courtesy of VaMedia via flickr.com

 

 

 

Choosing the route of adoption can be a very exciting, yet scary time for new parents.  While there are many important details that you should familiarize yourself with if you are considering adoption, this post provides a quick overview—to make you aware of the types of adoptions and to address a few common concerns.

 

 

 

The First Step: Choosing the type of adoption that is applicable to you.

  • Step-Parent Adoption:  A step-parent adoption occurs when the adoptive parent is the spouse of the child’s biological mother or father.  This adoption normally does not require a home study.
  • Parental Placement Adoption:  This type of adoption occurs when a birth parent directly places their child with you.  There is no agency involved.
  • Agency Adoption:  This type of adoption occurs when a family chooses to use an agency to find a child.  The agency helps the family with the adoption process and handles a lot of the common hurdles that adoptive families face.
  • Close Relative Adoption: This type of adoption occurs when the child’s grandparent, great-grandparent, adult nephew or niece, adult brother or sister, adult uncle or aunt, or adult great uncle or great aunt decide to adopt a child.
  • International Adoption:  This occurs when a family decides to adopt a child from outside the United States of America.  This is usually done through an agency.
  • Adult Adoption:  This occurs when there is an adoption of someone over the age of 18.
  • Special Needs Adoption:  This adoption occurs when a family decides to adopt a child with special needs.  There are assistance programs in place from the government to assist families who otherwise may be unable to adopt a child due to the expense involved.

How Long Will My Adoption Take?

Again, it depends on the type of adoption and the cooperation of the birth parent(s) (if applicable).  While the biggest factor is the type of adoption, some additional variables include:

  • Whether or not a home study is required
  • The locality where your adoption case is filed—certain courts are more expeditious than others
  • Any difficulty in locating and/or obtaining consent from birth parents

Understand the Expenses Involved in an Adoption.

In addition to the cost of being a parent and raising a child, the process of adopting also has its expense.  The expenses involved in an adoption vary dramatically, depending on the type of adoption you are pursuing, the cooperation of the birth parent(s) (if applicable), but usually include agency fees, legal fees and court fees.

What if I Cannot Find the Birth Father?

There are many avenues to finding the birth father.  Virginia has a Putative Father Registry.  You can also have a potential birth father served at his last known address.  You can also have a birth father served by publication.  Contact your adoption attorney to help you with your search.

Do I need an Attorney?

  • Good question!  You don’t necessarily need an attorney.  However, it is highly recommended.
  • An attorney can help you in many ways.  They will file the correct paperwork with the court to prevent unnecessary delays, and will make sure you have followed all steps and procedures required as adoptive parents.  Attorneys will draft all paperwork necessary for the adoption—as new parents, your focus should be on your child, not on the paperwork involved in adopting your child.

About us:

At BoykoNapier, our attorneys are experienced in handling simple and complex adoptions.  We represent clients throughout Central Virginia, including Richmond, Henrico, Chesterfield and Hanover. If you are in the process of adopting, or are simply contemplating the possibility, call us at (804) 658-3418 or contact us via email.

Filed Under: Family Law Tagged With: Adoption, Adoption Agencies, Domestic Relations, Family Law, Home Study, Parenting, Step-Parent Adoption, Virginia

The Virginia Code – Find What You Need Online

April 30, 2013 By Marc Leave a Comment

Virginia Code books on shelf

In today’s technological world, it comes as no surprise that almost everything is online.  So, it should not surprise you to learn that the entire Virginia Code, in all its glory, is online with a user-friendly, searchable database.

What is the Virginia Code?

The Virginia Code is, simply put, the laws in Virginia.  The Code is the collection of statutes that the legislature has created and amended over time.  These written statutes (a.k.a. “code sections”) are laws that govern our society.

If you have ever been in criminal or traffic court, you have probably heard the Judge or the clerk announce to a defendant, “You have been charged with violating Section 18.2-xxxx of the Code”.  That is a reference to one statute.  But there are thousands, governing everything including crime, contract, divorce, custody, probate, licensing, insurance, adoption, etc.

Why You Might Want to Look at the Virginia Code?

If you are involved in a Legal Action

  • Criminal or Traffic Charge – if you have been charged with a criminal or traffic offense in Virginia, you should receive a summons, warrant or indictment.  On any of these documents is a code section (sometimes more than one).  For example, if you have been charged with assault and battery, you should see Virginia Code Section 18.2-57.  The section will describe the behavior that is prohibited and will usually specify the degree of the charge and, in some cases, the punishment range.
  • Civil Case – if you are involved in a civil action, the Judge may turn to the Code to find the legal standard that applies to your case.  For example, in a child custody case the Court is obligated to consider certain “statutory factors” set forth in Virginia Code Section 20-124.3.  The same is true for certain civil contract suits, among many other types of civil litigation.

If you are wondering whether you can bring a Legal Action

  • If you think you have a legal action against another, the Code may be of some assistance.   Search for the issue you are having and you may find the answers you were looking for.
  • If you are wondering whether you should do something or not–I.E. whether a particular activity is prohibited.  Reading the Virginia Code can often be any eye opening experience.  There are so many things that you probably are not aware of—some of them are even criminal laws that you would  not have thought existed.

How To Access the Virginia Code Online?

  • Visit the searchable database: Code of Virginia (http://leg1.state.va.us/000/src.htm).
  • Search via words and phrases (in the search term box)
    • Just like you would in google (sort of).  If you want to search for a couple of words/phrases, insert the word “and” inside.
    • Be careful to use the exact word you want.  If you want word variations, insert a “*” (i.e. “Custod*” for custodian or custody).
  • Search via Table of Contents
    • This takes you to a list of the Titles.  In this way, the statutes are nicely organized by topic.  If you want Family Law, for example, it is listed next to its Title (Title 20: Domestic Relations).
    • Once you are inside a particular title, you should see a list of Chapters.  These are basically subtopics.
    • Once you are inside a particular Chapter, you should see a list of every statute within the chapter.
  • Search via Popular Names
    • A click on this will bring you to a list of popular legislative acts, including Uniform statutes (i.e. “Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act”).
  • NOTES:
    • If you are having trouble, use the search examples provided to help you reformat your search.
    • READ THE ENTIRE SECTION.  Don’t stop after the first paragraph.  Sometimes, within a particular section, there are exceptions or additional rules that might impact your situation.  So be sure to review everything–after all, if you’re spending time to look up a statute, odds are it is probably important!
    • The online database will also let you review a portion of the statutes history, including amendments (click on the hyper-linked numbers at the bottom of the statute).

If you have questions about the Virginia Code, or about any legal issue you may be facing, call an experienced Virginia Trial Lawyer at BoykoNapier today at (804) 658-3418 or contact us via email.  We represent clients throughout Central Virginia, including Richmond, Chesterfield, Henrico, Hanover and the surrounding localities.

 

 

 

Filed Under: Client Concerns Tagged With: Assault and Battery, Child Custody, Criminal Law, Domestic Relations, Family Law, Henrico, Richmond, Virginia, Virginia Code

DUI Investigations – A Brief Overview

April 23, 2013 By Marc Leave a Comment

Holding beer in car
Courtesy of James Cridland via flickr.com

In Virginia, if a police officer suspects you of driving under the influence (a.k.a. DUI or DWI), there are a few investigative techniques that will likely be used.  This article will briefly explain these techniques, as well as a couple of issues that may arise if you are in fact arrested for DUI.

PRE-ARREST

Why Might an Officer Suspect you of DUI?

  • Erratic Driving – swerving, driving too slow or too fast, disregarding traffic signs
  • Odor of Alcohol – the officer smells alcohol when he approaches your window to talk with you
  • Slurred Speech – the officer concludes that you are slurring your speech when you talk to him
  • Admission of Drinking or Drug Use – if you admit to alcohol or drug use, the officer’s suspicion of intoxication will naturally increase
  • Other Reasons – bloodshot eyes, anonymous tips, officer’s personal observations, intoxication of your passengers, etc.

Questions an Officer May Ask:

If an Officer suspects that you have been consuming alcohol, you may be asked a series of questions that are likely designed to get you to confirm the officer’s suspicions.

  • Where are you coming from?
  • Where are you heading?
  • Have you been drinking?
  • Why do I smell alcohol on your breath?
  • How long have you been drinking?
  • How many drinks have you had?

These questions are also usually asked to enable the officer to examine your demeanor, your eyes (to see if they are bloodshot) and your speech (to see if it is slurred).

Field Sobriety Tests:

Once an officer suspects you of driving under the influence and has pulled you over, it is likely that you will be asked to perform field sobriety tests or “FSTs”.  Officers typically tend to conduct several field sobriety tests on a subject and most are performed outside of the vehicle, on a flat surface.  The officer should provide instructions before asking you to perform each test.

The type of tests range from asking you to walk a straight line, lift a leg and count, say the alphabet, and follow a pen with your eyes.  It is advisable that you speak with an experienced DUI defense attorney to discuss under what circumstances you should perform these tests.

Preliminary Breath Test / “PBT”

The PBT is the breath test that an officer will often ask to give you on the side of the road.  This is different from the breath test you would perform at the police station (discussed below); it is designed to tell the officer the “probable alcoholic content” in your blood. The PBT is, therefore, a common tool to give the officer probable cause to arrest you for a DUI.  It may be helpful to carefully read the statute (Va. Code Section 18.2-267) and speak with an attorney.

POST-ARREST

Search of Your Vehicle

Typically done after arrest, the officer may decide to search your vehicle for additional information—items which may provide additional evidence to help in his investigation (i.e. alcohol in the vehicle, or additional contraband). Note, your vehicle may also be impounded.

Breath Test at the Station (a.k.a. “Breathalyzer”)

Often referred to as the Breathalyzer, once arrested, you will likely be taken to have your breath analyzed at the police station.  In case you are interested, here are a few of the significant statutes (Va. Code Section 18.2-268.2, Va. Code Section 18.2-268.3, Va. Code Section 18.2-269) but it would be wise to speak with an attorney about this test.

Blood Test

If the breath test is unavailable, or if the suspicion is that your intoxication is based on drug use, the officer may attempt to have your blood drawn for the purpose of providing an analysis of substance levels in the blood.

Note for Commercial Drivers:

If you were operating a commercial vehicle and are suspected of drunk-driving, it would be wise to contact an attorney as different or additional rules may apply (i.e. Va. Code Section 46.2-341.25).

Please note that this article is not intended to offer legal advice as to when/if you should perform any of these tests—it is only designed to be informative as to the nature of the tests.  It is advisable that you speak with an experienced DUI defense lawyer about how all of these tests may apply to you, particularly if you have a commercial driver’s license.

At BoykoNapier, our attorneys are experienced in handling drunk-driving / DUI cases throughout Central Virginia, including Richmond, Henrico, Chesterfield and Hanover.  If you have a drunk-driving case, or simply have questions regarding drunk-driving, call us at (804) 658-3418 or contact us via email.

Filed Under: Criminal Law Tagged With: Criminal Defense, Criminal Law, Drunk Driving, DUI, Field Sobriety Tests, Henrico, Richmond, Virginia Code

Have a Pending Civil or Criminal Case in Virginia? Check your Case Status Online

April 16, 2013 By Marc Leave a Comment

Computer Keyboard
Courtesy of ericnvntr via flickr.com

In Virginia, Courts across the Commonwealth have made it relatively easy to go online with your computer, tablet or smart phone and check the status of your pending criminal, civil, or divorce case.   The amount of information provided depends on the type of case and the particular Court, but will usually include the Court dates, case numbers, filing dates, offense dates and arrest dates (if applicable).  In some cases, the attorney’s names and the final disposition will also be posted online.

Follow these simple steps to find your online case information:

  • Go to the Virginia Court’s Website: www.courts.va.state.us.
  • On the left sidebar, click on the tab labeled “Case Status and Information”, which should bring you here.
  • Circuit Court (i.e. Divorce, or Felony Charge that has already been before the Grand Jury for certification or indictment):
    • Click on “Case Information” under the heading for Circuit Court, which should bring you here.
    • Use the drop-down menu to select the Court where your case is pending (i.e. Hanover, Richmond City).
    • Once you have selected the right Court, click “Begin”.
    • On the next page, beneath the words “Main Menu” you have the option to select “Criminal” or “Civil” – select the appropriate option.
    • Then type in the name of the person you are searching for (unless you choose to search via case number) and click the search button.
    • On the next page, if there are cases related to the name, you should see a list of cases.  Once you find the case you are looking for, you can click on the case number on the left which should reveal the online information for that particular matter.
  • General District Court (i.e. most misdemeanor criminal and traffic charges):
    • Click on “Case Information” under the heading for General District Court, which should bring you here.
    • Read the Terms and Conditions of Use and type in the Numbers or Characters as requested in order to enter the database.
    • Once inside, on the left sidebar, select the appropriate Court from the drop-down menu.
    • After you have selected the right Court, click on the type of search you want to perform (i.e. Name search in a Traffic/Criminal matter).
    • If you have selected the name search, the new page will prompt you to enter the name of the party.
    • Once the name is entered, a list of relevant cases should appear.

There are a few caveats:

  • If your case is pending in Juvenile Court you will not be able to access any case information online.
  • If your case is pending in a Court that does not post information online (i.e. Henrico County Circuit Court and Chesterfield County Circuit Court do not provide online case information at the present time) you won’t be able to take advantage of this feature.
  • Do not rely solely on the online case information; due to the nature of this database, information may be incorrect or outdated.  Accordingly, you should Contact the Court directly to verify important information.

Once you have reviewed the online case information, it might also be wise to go back to the Virginia Court’s Website and browse around for a while.  Who knows, you might just stumble upon some useful information for your case!

For additional information, contact an experienced attorney at BoykoNapier, PLLC—call (804)658-3418 or contact us via email for assistance.

Filed Under: Client Concerns Tagged With: Chesterfield, Civil Cases, Criminal Law, Divorce, Family Law, Felony, Hanover, Henrico, Misdemeanor, Richmond, Virginia

Virginia Child Support Guidelines: a Closer Look at the Ingredients

April 9, 2013 By Marc Leave a Comment

Chalkboard Calculation Math
Courtesy of Evelyn Saenz via flickr.com

In Virginia, Court-ordered Child Support amounts are typically determined through the use of Virginia’s Child Support Guidelines.

The support guidelines are a creature of statute (Va. Code Section 20-108.2) and the Court is required to presume that the guideline amount is appropriate (Va. Code Section 20-108.1).

Because the child support guidelines are so important, it is a good idea to familiarize yourself with the building blocks—the ingredients that usually provide the foundation for calculating the child support amount:

  • Gross Income of the Parties
    • The Gross income of both parents perhaps the primary factor in determining the percentage obligation of the parties (i.e. if Dad makes 30% more than Mom, he will need to pay a higher percentage of the child support need)
    • Gross income is generally considered to be all income from any source.  For most people, this could mean:
      • Wages from Employment
      • Interest income
      • Unemployment income
      • Disability income (note: if a parent receives disability benefits, any sums received for a child who is the subject of child support shall be includable as well)
      • Spousal Support
      • Pension and Retirement Account distributions
      • Gifts
  • Number of Children in Common
    • The number of minor children of the parties will obviously impact the amount of the child support obligation
  • Number of Children Not in Common
    • If either parent has children from another relationship than they will typically be awarded a credit that offsets a portion of their gross income—the credit will depend on the number of other children or on the amount of child support they pay for the other children
  • Medical Insurance
    • The premium expense for the minor children’s medical and dental coverage, if applicable, is considered.
    • The parent who pays the expense should get a credit for the payment.
  • Daycare Expenses
    • The daycare expense for the minor children, if applicable, is considered.
    • The parent who pays the expense should get a credit for the payment.
  • Custodial Time
    • If the non-custodial parent has at least 90 visitation days each calendar year, or if the parties have joint physical custody, the Court may use “shared support guidelines”, which calculates the child support need based on the amount of time the child is with each parent.
    • If the parties have split custody (i.e. both parties each have primary custody of at least one minor child in common) the Court may use “split custody guidelines” to account for the different custodial arrangement

Take a look at a Child Support Guideline Worksheet to see how this all fits together.

If you have questions about child support, contact an experienced family law attorney at BoykoNapier today.  Our attorneys represent clients throughout Central Virginia, including Richmond, Henrico, Chesterfield, Hanover and the surrounding localities.  You may reach us via phone at (804) 658-3418 or via email.

Filed Under: Family Law Tagged With: Child Support, Domestic Relations, Family Law, Henrico, Richmond, Support Guidelines, Virginia, Virginia Code

Injured in a Car Accident? Here are Some Quick Tips

April 3, 2013 By Marc Leave a Comment

Car accident
Courtesy of spirobolos via flickr.com

When you or a loved one is involved in a motor vehicle accident, it is always an emotional and frightening experience.  For that reason, it is important to consider a few things if this happens.

  • Treat Your Injuries: first and foremost, you need to take care of yourself or your loved ones.
    • Following an accident, it is wise to consider getting checked out by a doctor; even if you think you are fine, note that some injuries may not surface until many hours after an accident occurs.
    • Ask for an ambulance to take you to the emergency room, especially if you know you’ve been seriously injured.
    • Bring company—it is best to have a loved one there to support you while you are being examined and treated.
    • Be honest—tell your physician about all of the pain/discomfort you are experiencing.
  • Follow Doctor’s Orders: although it is often frustrating and time consuming, it is important to follow the recommendations of your physician.
    • If your doctor recommends certain tests or procedures, give your consent.
    • Take medications as prescribed
    • Be sure to schedule and attend any recommended follow-ups or appointments with a specialist
    • If your doctor tells you to stay home from work for a period of time, don’t work.  You might risk further injury.
  • Document the Incident:
    • Photographs:
      • Of the Vehicle (to show the damage and location of vehicles at scene, if possible)
      • Of the Injuries (document initial injuries, as well as healing process over time)
    • Police Report:
      • Contact the police for a report of the accident
      • Note: this should not be misconstrued as advising you to give a statement to police–it may be wise to speak with an attorney before giving a statement, particularly if the accident was your fault or if the other party claims it was your fault.  Any statement you provide could potentially be used against you.
    • Exchange Information: it is always important to exchange contact info with the other driver, particularly the insurance information.
  • Deal with Insurance Companies:
    • Be Cautious about giving recorded statements about the incident.  You may leave out certain important details, or confuse issues.  In some situations, these statements may be used against you and impact your financial recovery.
    • Be careful accepting any settlement offers from an insurance agent before speaking with an attorney; they will often try and get you to settle for an amount that is far lower than what you may be entitled to receive.
    • Get an Estimate: before you repair your vehicle, get an estimate to detail the damage and the cost of the repairs.
  • Contact an Attorney: a skilled personal injury attorney can help you get a greater financial award for your injuries

At BoykoNapier, our personal injury attorneys are skilled Virginia trial lawyers and are here to help you through this difficult time.  Whether your accident occurs in Richmond, Henrico, Hanover, Chesterfield or anywhere else in Virginia, call us today at (804) 658-3418.

Filed Under: Personal Injury Tagged With: Car Accident, Henrico, Insurance Claim, Personal Injury, Richmond, Virginia, Virginia Trial Lawyers

Domestic Protective Orders in Virginia: Powerful and Prevalent

March 27, 2013 By Marc Leave a Comment

Scales of Justice
Courtesy of Citizensheep via flickr.com

In Virginia, you may be entitled to a domestic protective order if:

  • You have been subject to “family abuse” committed by another,
  • You continue to be in fear, and
  • A protective order is necessary to prevent further abuse. 

A Juvenile Court Judge, in granting a protective order, is authorized to use various remedies in favor of the person requesting the protective order.  These include prohibiting contact between the parties (and the children, in some instances), granting the requesting party possession of a residence commonly occupied by both parties, and granting an order of temporary child support (read the rest of the remedies at Va. Code 16.1-279.1).  Further, some of the remedies can be implemented immediately upon the approved application for an emergency protective order. 

I have strong views on the domestic protective order laws in Virginia.  I cannot argue against the necessity of these orders—violence in the household must not be tolerated and protection must be afforded to those in need–and I have represented many individuals who were properly in need of a protective order.  However, I can say that I believe too many people get away with using the protective order as a legal tool–often, as an advantage against an opposing party in a custody or divorce battle.  And it’s easy to see the benefit of obtaining a protective order: if you are seeking a divorce, a protective order could force a separation by ordering that your spouse give you temporary possession of the marital residence (not to mention de facto temporary custody of your children, among other things).

How do I know people abuse the system?  I don’t.  I can’t imagine people would ever willfully admit to using it as a tool–in many cases that would be considered perjury.  What I can say is that I have seen many protective order affidavits that, on their face, should not even warrant a hearing.  I’ve had numerous people in my office about custody issues ask me: “What if I go get a protective order?” when they are certainly not in fear of their significant other.   Perhaps even worse, I have been involved in dozens (and heard about dozens more) of negotiations at protective order hearings and far too often the result is: the protective order is voluntarily dropped by the requesting party, and a temporary order of some kind is agreed upon, usually involving custody, visitation, or support.  I believe that if the applicant was truly in fear for their safety at the time they filed for a protective order, they would not be so willing to let it go.   

How can the Court system protect against this potential for abuse of protective order?

The legislature should step in and require:

  • More Information on Affidavits
  • More restrictive burdens of proof
  • Limit the definition of family abuse
  • Allow respondents (i.e. defending parties) to appear at preliminary protective order hearings

After all, we should be more hesitant, as a society, before we authorize a Court to strip a person of two essential freedoms—family and property.

Filed Under: Family Law Tagged With: Child Custody, Domestic Relations, Family Abuse, Family Law, Protective Order, Virginia Code

Charged with Domestic Assault and Battery? What You Should Know about the First Offender Program

March 20, 2013 By Marc Leave a Comment

Richmond, Virginia Capital
Courtesy of Ron Cogswell via flickr.com

In Virginia, if you are charged with Domestic Assault and Battery (Virginia Code Section 18.2-57.2) and have no previous convictions for this offense you may be entitled to relief from conviction under Virginia Code Section 18.2-57.3, commonly referred to as the “First Offender Program”.   We would recommend that you speak with an experienced criminal defense attorney in order to discuss the details of the program, as well as your eligibility.  Here are a few quick points:

How do I get into the First Offender Program?

  • If you are eligible for first offender, and have been found guilty of domestic assault and battery (whether through pleading guilty, or following a trial), you can ask the Court to allow you to enter into the first offender program.
  • If the Court grants your request, your case will be continued for at least 2 years.  You will be placed on “probation” and will be obligated to perform various tasks.

What will I be required to do during probation?

  • Complete an assessment/evaluation through the local probation agency and abide by the treatment/educational programs recommended by the results of such assessment/evaluation, as well as any programs the Court may require.
  • Frequently, you will be required to complete an anger management course.
  • If the defendant was under the influence of drugs or alcohol at the time of the offense, it is common for the Court or probation officer to require the defendant to undergo random drug/alcohol screens.
  • Make reasonable efforts to secure and/or maintain employment.
  • Keep the Peace and Be of Good Behavior: if you get new charges during the period of probation, you will likely violate the terms of the program.
  • Pay the costs of the program: the costs will differ based on your financial status.

What happens if I do everything that is asked of me?

  • Your case will likely be dismissed after the probation period ends (usually 2 years).

Note: Be honest with yourself before committing to participate in the program.  2 years is a long time to be on probation and certain obligations can be difficult to complete—especially if you are juggling raising a family and a full-time job.  If you are someone who enjoys a few adult beverages on occasion, ask your attorney about the likelihood of being subject to random alcohol screens.  Positive alcohol screens cause a lot of people to flunk the program, which usually results in a conviction and can also lead to severe punishment (some Judges are bothered when a person doesn’t take full advantage of this “second-chance”).  Nevertheless, I would urge you not to be deterred—dedicate yourself to the program and you will be glad that you did.  When the Judge dismisses your case, it will be worth it in the end.

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Filed Under: Criminal Law Tagged With: Assault and Battery, Criminal Defense, Criminal Law, Domestic Assault, First Offender, Probation, Virginia Code

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